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Atttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disability with a genetic component. Heritability estimates are quite high, ranging from 75-90% (Faraone et al., 2005), and several genes have been associated with a susceptibility to ADHD. Several of these genes involve dopamine and serotonin metabolism and transport, which has implications for effective medications. Our research has focused on several areas: 1) Assessment of additional candidate genes influencing various phenotypes of ADHD; 2) investigation of a specific mechanism, adrenergic receptor binding efficiency, as a contributor to ADHD; and 3) genes that may influence both ADHD and Reading Disability (Dyslexia). We have tested a battery of genes including dopamine and serotonin receptors and transmitters, and adrenergic receptors to determine the most influential genes on ADHD phenotypes, and whether there are differences for different subtypes of ADHD (hyperactive, inattentive, or combined). In addition, we are investigating populations with comorbid Reading Disability. These studies should help determine if the same genes may affect both disorders, or alternatively, whether the comorbidity is a caused simply by attention problems secondary to reading problems. These outcome would affect the interventions for ADHD based on the underlying causes.
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